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FileCloud in AWS

FileCloud in AWS

FileCloud is powerful software, delivering a secure, enterprise-grade self-hosted file sharing and content collaboration platform that can be integrated with Amazon Web Services (AWS).

This article outlines the deployment of FileCloud using AWS infrastructure, specifically withn Amazon EC2 and using Amazon S3 for stroage. It discusses typical deployment scenarios, the necessary prerequisites, architecture illustrations, planning recommendations, security protocols, cost analysis, and operational procedures. To successfully implement FileCloud, understanding its architecture and how it interacts with AWS services is essential.

The community edition provides an annual licence for 5 full accounts, with 10 external accounts. Community edition can be self-hosted on your Windows or Linux servers or in your own account in a supported Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provider. For our review we installed it in Amazon EC2, using Amazon S3 for storage, using the FileCloud provided Amazon Machine Image (AMI) which is avaliable from AWS Marketplace.

The enterprise edition is the same software with a licence key unlocking more functionality. It has a variety of subscription tiers and hosting options and provides more advanced governance, Single Sign-On, Support for Duo or text based authentication and third party integration support for example for SalesForce.

You need to have a good knowledge of AWS, Linux, virtual machines and web applications to get FileCloud running and need to carefully consider, document and work through the prerequisites, security measures, operational guidance, updates, security and backup procedures.

TL:DR: FileCloud runs in AWS using encrypted Amazon S3. FileCloud Community Edition is free to use with some limitations, but a thorough understanding of AWS, Linux, and the potential cost is vital for a successful implementation.

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Last Updated: 07 May 2025
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS): A Cloud Computing Solution

Read more: FileCloud in AWS

Final Days of the Amazon Appstore for Android

Final Days of the Amazon Appstore for Android

Amazon's Appstore for Android reached its end of life on August 20, 2025, closing a chapter that had begun back in 2011. Now that the dust has settled, it is worth examining what the shutdown actually meant for users, what happened to the Amazon Coins program that went with it, and where the Android app distribution landscape stands heading into 2026. The short answer is that remarkably little changed for most Android users — but the closure does tell us something important about where the market is heading.

TL;DR – The Amazon Appstore for Android shut down on August 20, 2025, taking the Amazon Coins program with it. The transition affected a relatively small number of users, Google Play remains the dominant Android storefront by a wide margin, and Amazon's own Fire OS ecosystem continues unaffected. If you are still holding orphaned apps or data from the old Appstore, this article explains your options.

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What the Amazon Appstore was

Launched in 2011 as a direct alternative to Google Play, the Amazon Appstore gave Android users a way to download applications through Amazon's own digital marketplace. It built a modest but loyal following on the back of free daily app promotions and the Amazon Coins virtual currency, which offered a small discount on in-app purchases for users already embedded in the wider Amazon ecosystem.

The catalogue covered games, productivity tools, streaming utilities, and Amazon's own suite of services. Integration with Coins made in-app spending feel seamless for existing Amazon customers, and for a time the store represented a credible, if niche, alternative to Google's offering. That credibility eroded steadily as major developers concentrated their resources on Google Play and, increasingly, on direct distribution through their own platforms.

Why it closed

The structural problem was always the same: the Amazon Appstore on standard Android devices was fighting Google Play on Google's own turf, without the underlying advantage that made Amazon's store viable elsewhere. On Fire tablets and Fire TV sticks, the Appstore thrives precisely because those devices run Amazon's own AOSP-derived Fire OS, which ships without Google Play Services. Users on Fire hardware have no alternative — the Amazon Appstore is the store. On a standard Android phone or tablet, the calculation is entirely different. Google Play Services are baked in, the Play Store is the default, and convincing users to sideload a competing store requires effort that most people simply will not make.

The result was a developer ecosystem that never reached critical mass on the Android side. Prominent apps launched on Google Play first, second, and sometimes exclusively. Without a compelling catalogue, user numbers stayed low; without user numbers, developer investment stayed low. Amazon's decision to close the Android storefront was less a strategic pivot than an acknowledgement of a reality that had been apparent for years.

It is worth noting that this closure followed an earlier retreat: Amazon had previously wound down its partnership with Microsoft that brought the Appstore and Windows Subsystem for Android to Windows 11. That project ended in 2024, and the Android Appstore closure a year later completed the withdrawal from any distribution channel that did not sit inside Amazon's own hardware ecosystem.

What happened to Amazon Coins

The Amazon Coins program ended alongside the Appstore. Amazon stopped selling new Coins on February 20, 2025, giving users a six-month window to spend existing balances before the August 20 shutdown. Users who held Coins at closure were directed to Amazon's support channels for refund information, though the process required proactive engagement — balances were not automatically converted or credited.

For anyone still carrying an unspent balance from that era, Amazon's customer service remains the correct point of contact. The program is fully retired and no new purchases or redemptions are possible through any channel.

Impact on users — then and now

In practice, the shutdown's blast radius was small. The majority of Android users had never installed the Amazon Appstore at all, and those who had typically used it for a narrow set of applications — often Amazon's own — that were already available through Google Play or directly from Amazon's website. The more meaningful disruption fell on users who had made significant in-app purchases through Coins-based transactions, since that purchase history and any associated unlockable content did not automatically carry over to a Google Play version of the same app.

A year on, the lingering issues are mostly edge cases: niche games that existed exclusively on the Amazon Appstore and have not reappeared elsewhere, or older Fire tablet apps that users had also been running on sideloaded Android devices. For the vast majority of users, the transition required little more than confirming that their essential apps were available on Google Play — which they almost certainly were.

Alternatives worth knowing about

Google Play remains the default answer for anyone on a standard Android device, and in 2026 that position is more entrenched than ever. The catalogue is comprehensive, security scanning has improved, and the billing infrastructure is mature. For most users, moving entirely to Google Play represents no meaningful loss of functionality compared with what the Amazon Appstore offered.

Beyond Google Play, a few alternatives serve specific needs:

  • F-Droid — a curated repository of free and open-source applications. Useful for privacy-conscious users and developers who want to avoid proprietary app stores entirely. The catalogue is narrower but the applications are fully auditable.
  • Aptoide and APKPure — third-party stores with broader catalogues, including some regional or older apps not on Google Play. Both carry a higher security risk than first-party stores; treat downloads from these sources with appropriate caution and verify developer credentials before installing anything.
  • Direct APK distribution — a growing number of independent developers and open-source projects distribute APK files directly from their own websites or via platforms such as GitHub. This is a legitimate route for software you already trust, but it places the burden of update management entirely on the user.
  • Samsung Galaxy Store — relevant for Samsung device owners. The catalogue overlaps heavily with Google Play but occasionally carries Samsung-exclusive titles or promotions.

None of these replicate the Amazon Appstore experience precisely, but that experience was itself fairly modest by the time the store closed. The more important question is whether the specific applications a user relied on are available elsewhere — and in almost every case, they are.

The Fire OS ecosystem is unaffected

It bears repeating clearly: the closure applies only to the Amazon Appstore on standard Android devices. Amazon's Fire tablets, Fire TV sticks, and Echo Show devices continue to run Fire OS, and the Amazon Appstore remains the primary — and in most cases only — app distribution channel on that hardware. Amazon has shown no indication of changing this. The Fire ecosystem is commercially healthy, driven by affordable hardware and tight integration with Prime Video, Kindle, Audible, and Amazon Music. The Appstore on Fire devices is not going anywhere.

Users who access Amazon content primarily through Fire hardware will notice nothing different. The shutdown was specifically scoped to the sideloaded Android experience, which was always the weaker of the two contexts in which the store operated.

What this means for app distribution more broadly

The Amazon Appstore's exit from Android reinforces a pattern that has been consolidating for several years. Outside of Apple's App Store and Google Play, sustaining a third-party app store at meaningful scale on a mainstream mobile platform has proven extraordinarily difficult. The regulatory environment in both the EU and the United States has pushed Apple and Google to allow alternative distribution mechanisms — sideloading on iOS is now technically possible in the EU under the Digital Markets Act — but regulatory permission and commercial viability are different things. Users have shown limited appetite for the friction that alternative stores introduce, even when those stores are technically accessible.

The more durable trend is the shift toward web-based and progressive web applications, which sidestep the app store model entirely. As browser capabilities have expanded and more services have invested in high-quality mobile web experiences, the importance of any individual app store as a distribution chokepoint has diminished slightly, even as Google Play and the App Store remain dominant. Amazon's own services — Prime Video, Kindle, Audible — are all accessible through capable mobile browsers, which perhaps made the case for maintaining a dedicated Android storefront even harder to justify internally.

For developers, the lesson is familiar: concentrate distribution effort where the users are, which means Google Play for Android and the App Store for iOS, with web distribution as an increasingly viable complement. Niche stores can serve specific communities — F-Droid for open-source software, regional stores in markets where Google Play has limited reach — but the window for a general-purpose competitor to Google Play on Android has effectively closed.

Conclusion

The Amazon Appstore for Android is now history, and the transition has been as quiet as the store's final years suggested it would be. For the small number of users genuinely affected, the practical steps remain straightforward: confirm that essential apps are available on Google Play, contact Amazon support about any unresolved Coins balance, and accept that purchase history tied exclusively to the old Appstore is unlikely to migrate cleanly.

The broader picture is one of further consolidation. Google Play is, without serious qualification, the only mainstream Android app store. Amazon's storefront lives on where it was always strongest — on Amazon's own hardware — and that is probably where it should have stayed from the beginning.

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Last Updated: 05 June 2026
Automate SSL/TLS Certificate Renewals with AWS Certificate Manager

Automate SSL/TLS Renewals with AWS Certificate Manager

AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) is a service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables users to efficiently provision and manage SSL/TLS certificates for specific AWS services and applications. The primary goal of ACM is to streamline the certificate acquisition process within AWS, ensuring a secure and seamless experience as organisations interact with web applications and services. This article will examine the key features and benefits of AWS Certificate Manager, integration with other AWS services, automated certificate renewal, and the process of establishing and managing certificates in the cloud environment. For a deeper understanding of ACM, consider reviewing the official documentation on AWS Certificate Manager.

TL: DR – AWS Certificate Manager manages SSL/TLS certificates, the automation of certificate renewals and is supported by the AWS services: Elastic Load Balancing, Amazon CloudFront, Amazon Cognito, AWS Elastic Beanstalk, AWS App Runner, Amazon API Gateway, AWS Nitro Enclaves, AWS CloudFormation, AWS Amplify, Amazon OpenSearch Service and AWS Network Firewall. Certificates are free, of you can import certificates obtained ouside of AWS. It makes sense to use AWS Certificate Manager if you are using these AWS services, otherwise Let's Encrypt would be a better choice, because you cannot install an ACM certificate directly on an AWS based website or application.

Details
Last Updated: 03 June 2025
  • Amazon Web Services (AWS): A Cloud Computing Solution

Read more: Automate SSL/TLS Renewals with AWS Certificate Manager

Top red flags in phishing emails that you should never ignore

Top red flags in phishing emails that you should never ignore

The proliferation of email communication over the past few decades has been an enabler for all kinds of communications for all of use but the technology behind email was designed for academics to talk to each other, not for everyone in the world to talk to anyone. In that simpler time nefarious use of email wasn't really considered and famously one of the authors of the email sending program said 'I just wanted a way to get my email'.

Nowadays phishing, where attackers employ cunning tactics to deceive users into disclosing sensitive information is a real problem for everyone. We can't just get rid of email as it is perhaps the most successful killer app category other than the web browser. This article explores the red flags associated with phishing emails, outlining key indicators that can help identify these malicious communications. We will examine the characteristics of such emails and provide actionable advice to bolster online security.

TL:DR – The primary objective in recognising phishing attempts is to remain vigilant against specific signs, including suspicious email addresses, inconsistent branding, and unusual requests for sensitive information. By familiarising oneself with these markers, one can significantly mitigate the risk of falling victim to such attacks. It is imperative to practice caution when engaging with unsolicited emails and to remain aware of the evolving tactics utilised by cybercriminals.

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Last Updated: 29 April 2025
  • Technology We Use: Devices and Tools Powering Everyday Life

Read more: Top red flags in phishing emails that you should never ignore

How to self verify using a domain with Bluesky

How to self verify using a domain with Bluesky

Bluesky, a decentralised social network protocol project rooted in transparency and user autonomy, allows individuals and organisations to establish verified identities via custom domain names. This process—known as domain-based self-verification—enables users to associate their online presence with a trusted domain they control. As platforms increasingly decentralise, methods like these become critical for maintaining credibility and resisting impersonation. You can read more about the protocol and its technical principles on the official AT Protocol site.

By verifying a domain with Bluesky, you assert control over your digital identity without relying on centralised third parties. Whether you're representing a business, a brand, or yourself, the ability to prove ownership of a domain creates a verifiable link between your Bluesky profile and your real-world presence. In a time when misinformation is easily spread, technical verification provides a tangible layer of trust. For a broader look at decentralised identity concepts, the W3C DID Core specification offers useful technical context.

TL:DR – The article explains how to self-verify your identity on Bluesky using a domain you control. We cover how domain-based verification works, the technical requirements, step-by-step instructions for both DNS and web-based verification, and how to link and maintain your verified handle securely.

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Last Updated: 24 June 2025
  • Technology We Use: Devices and Tools Powering Everyday Life
  • Social Media

Read more: How to self verify using a domain with Bluesky

How to get Google Developer Badges on your developer profile

How to get Google Developer Badges on your developer profile

Google Developer Badges remain one of the most practical ways for developers to demonstrate verified proficiency across Google's technology stack — and in 2026, their relevance has only grown. As the industry continues its shift toward skills-based hiring and continuous learning, these digital micro-credentials have moved from a nice-to-have into a genuine career asset. Backed by the Google Developer Profile initiative, each badge represents hands-on experience with the tools and platforms that power modern software development.

This article covers how Google Developer Badges work in 2026, who can earn them, which platforms and technologies they span, and how to build a strategy around earning them. We'll also look at how they compare to traditional certifications, what hiring teams actually think of them, and how to make the most of Google's developer learning ecosystem.

TL:DR – The Google Developer Badge system is a structured, accessible, and increasingly employer-recognised way to upskill and prove what you know. Read on for the full breakdown.

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Last Updated: 04 June 2026

Read more: How to get Google Developer Badges on your developer profile

UK Buyers Guide: Google Pixel 7a, 8a, 9a - best value for money

Buyers Guide: Google Pixel 7a, 8a, 9a - best value

The Google Pixel 'a' series has long secretly provided impressive features at competitive prices. This article provides a thorough comparison of the Pixel 7a, Pixel 8a, and the recently launched Pixel 9a, analysing their battery endurance, camera capabilities, features, value, prices in the UK, and availability. One can determine which device best suits ones needs today.

TL:DR – The Pixel 8a and 9a provide numerous enhancements over the 7a, such as improved displays, enhanced battery performance, and better camera systems, while still offering competitive pricing. The Pixel 7a remains a strong contender in terms of value, especially as its price has dropped to just £279 new from Amazon UK including an official Google Charger following the release of the newer models. But it remains crucial to consider special offers especially if prioritising the latest features.

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Last Updated: 20 May 2025

Read more: Buyers Guide: Google Pixel 7a, 8a, 9a - best value

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